Real Change: A New Plan For a Strong Middle Class (page 20)

"Simply put, precarious employment is a “bad job”. However, problems arise when we try to define and measure more precisely the characteristics that constitute a “bad job”.
According to the International Labour Organization, precarious employment refers to an inadequacy of rights and protection at work. This can apply to informal work, but also to several types of formal work, including subcontracting, temporary contracts, interim work, certain types of self-employment and involuntary part-time work. These types of employment are more precarious because they are associated with reduced financial security stemming from lower wages, less access to benefits such as private pension plans and complementary health insurance, and greater uncertainty about future employment income."

(Hill Notes Research and Analysis from the Parliamaentary Research Library, November 21, 2018)

"f you think getting a higher education and joining a profession will help you avoid precarious work, you may be in for a rude awakening. A new study from the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives (CCPA) has found that more than a fifth of Canada's professionals — 22 per cent — are in precarious work of some sort, including part-time work, contract work or freelance work, and women are disproportionately affected"

(Hufftington post, August 22, 2018)